Key
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Passed Recent
Filter |
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Price declined by
half of stop loss setting |
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Oversold re
Williams %R (%R2 = most recent) |
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Overbought
re Williams %R (%R2 = most recent) |
Warren Buffett Screening Criteria
Buffett is often identified with Benjamin
Graham, with whom he studied, worked under, and maintained a long
friendship. However, his own investment experience has led him to
adopt the approaches of other investment pioneers, as well, in
particular Philip Fisher's focus on the importance of a business's
growth prospects and management. Buffett has never expounded
extensively on his investment approach, although it can be gleaned
from his writings and explanations of holdings in the Berkshire
Hathaway annual reports. Outsiders, however, have attempted to put
together explanations of his investment style. One recently
published book that discusses his approach in an interesting and
methodical fashion is "Buffettology: The Previously Unexplained
Techniques That Have Made Warren Buffett the World's Most Famous
Investor," by Mary Buffett, a former daughter-in-law of Buffett's,
and David Clark, a family friend and portfolio manager [the book is
published by Simon & Schuster, 800-223-2336; $27.00]. This book was
used as the basis for screening stocks.
Warren Buffett's approach identifies
"excellent" businesses based on the prospects for the industry and
the ability of management to exploit opportunities for the ultimate
benefit of shareholders. He then waits for the share price to reach
a level that would provide him with a desired long-term rate of
return. The approach makes use of "folly and discipline": the
discipline of the investor to identify excellent businesses and wait
for the folly of the market to buy these businesses at attractive
prices. Most investors have little trouble understanding Buffett's
philosophy. The approach encompasses many widely held investment
principles. Its successful implementation is dependent upon the
dedication of the investor to learn and follow the principles. For
individual investors who want to duplicate the process, it requires
a considerable amount of time, effort, and judgment in perusing a
firm's financial statements, annual reports, and other information
sources to thoroughly analyze the business and quality of
management. It also requires patience, waiting for the right price
once a prospective business has been identified, and the ability to
stick to the approach during times of market volatility. But for
individual investors willing to do the considerable homework
involved, the Buffett approach offers a proven path to investment
value.
Philosophy and Style
Investment in stocks
based on their intrinsic value, where value is measured by the
ability to generate earnings and dividends over the years. Buffett
targets successful businesses-those with expanding intrinsic values,
which he seeks to buy at a price that makes economic sense, defined
as earning an annual rate of return of at least 15% for at least
five or 10 years.
Universe of Stocks
No limitation on stock size, but analysis
requires that the company has been in existence for a considerable
period of time.
Criteria for initial consideration
Consumer monopolies, selling products in which
there is no effective competitor, either due to a patent or brand
name or similar intangible that makes the product unique. In
addition, he prefers companies that are in businesses that are
relatively easy to understand and analyze, and that have the ability
to adjust their prices for inflation.
Other Factors
· A strong upward trend in earnings
· Conservative financing
· A consistently high return on
shareholder's equity
· A high level of retained earnings
· Low level of spending needed to maintain
current operations
· Profitable use of retained earnings
Valuation
In one case, Buffett determines a firm's
initial rate of return and its value relative to government bonds.
This based on earnings per share for the year divided by the
long-term government bond interest rate. The resulting figure is the
relative value-the price that would result in an initial return
equal to the return paid on government bonds.
In another case, value is based on
projecting an annual compounding rate of return based on historical
earnings per share increases. Current earnings per share figure and
the average growth in earnings per share over the past 10 years are
used to determine the earnings per share in year 10. This figure is
then multiplied by the average high and low price-earnings ratios
for the stock over the past 10 years to provide an estimated price
range in year 10. If dividends are paid, an estimate of the amount
of dividends paid over the 10-year period should also be added to
the year 10 prices.
Stock monitoring and when to sell does
not favor diversification. Buffett prefers investment in a small
number of companies that an investor can know and understand
extensively. He favors holding for the long term as long as the
company remains "excellent", is consistently growing and has quality
management that operates for the benefit of shareholders. Sell if
those circumstances change, or if an alternative investment offers a
better return.
Modifications
The screen used also
requires a PE of 17 or less and that the stock is optionable.
This is done to reduce the number of picks.
Information is provided by the American
Association of Individual Investors.